Quote: “The company president saw the new hire goofing around with his contraption and called him into his office. “I thought I would be scolded,” Yokoi recalled. Instead, the desperate executive told Yokoi to turn his device into a game. Yokoi added a group of colored balls that could be grabbed, and the “Ultra Hand” went to the market immediately. This was Nintendo’s first toy, and it sold 1.2 million units” (193).
Comment: I find it very interesting that he was working a matnece for NIntendo and goes straight creating a game for them. out just by playing around with things and thinking of new ideas vn lead to something that you never expected.
Question: Why don’t people take more risks? Why don’t people follow their interest more often?
I read an essay called “Making Conversation and The Primacy of Practice” by Anthony Kwame Appiah and I had to prepare it for discussion. I went through the essay highlighting areas where I had questions, terms that needed extended definitions, and what connections I made with the article. Once I found quotes for each section, I provided an explanation on what my take was on the quote (this is provided in black after the quote). This process helped me get use to analyzing important texts and other scientific articles. Below, the questions are in Blue, the definitions are in Red, and the connections are in green.
Outcome lll: Employ techniques of active reading, critical reading, and informal reading response for inquiry, learning, and thinking.
Appiah, Kwame Anthony. “Making Conversation and The Primacy of Practice.” Emerging: Contemporary Readings for Writers, 2nd ed., Bedford/St. Martins, 2010, pp. 66–82.
“The cluster of questions I want to take up can seem pretty abstract. How real are values? What do we talk about when we talk about difference? Is any form of relativism right? When do morals and manners clash? Can culture be “owned”? What do we owe strangers by virtue of our shared humanity? But the way these questions play out in our lives isn’t so very abstract‘(pg.73) ( these are questions that I may need to ask myself when working on my essay. What’s the main idea what am I trying to change? I think that it is something that ties into cosmopolitanism and how its not going to form new values but it makes you think.)
‘It’s not surprising, then, that what makes conversation across boundaries worthwhile isn’t that we’re likely to come to a reasoned agreement about values. I don’t say that we can’t change minds, but the reasons we exchange in our conversations will seldom do much to persuade others who do not share our fundamental evaluative judgments already”(pg.75). (it’s about informing people about your opinion and the facts that you withhold. But is also about listening to other people and maybe it may change your mind. Be open-minded.)
“that there are some values that are, and should be, universal, just as there are lots of values that are, and must be, local. We can’t hope to reach a final consensus on how to rank and order such values. That’s why the model I’ll be returning to is that of conversation—and, in particular, conversation between people from different ways of life”(pg.73) ( I think that I would agree with this because there are just some things in many people’s eyes certain values are normative. There are certain things that we as a group have concisely labeled in some way. Everyone going to have different values because of the local tribes they are subject to change but most of the time I feel as through values usually stay the same.)
“Cosmopolitanism is an adventure and an ideal: But you can’t have any respect for human diversity and expect everyone to become cosmopolitan. The obligations of those who wish to exercise their legitimate freedom to associate with their own kind—to keep the rest of the world away as the Amish do in the United States—are only the same as the basic obligations we all have” ( why do so many people get stuck with a fixed mindset when it comes to different issues that don’t naturally involve them? But I think that it best we are still informed about other existing issues.)
“I’ve said we can live in harmony without agreeing on underlying values (except, perhaps, the cosmopolitan value of living together). It works the other way, too: We can find ourselves in conflict when we do agree on values.” ( buy this does Appiah mean that I can be scared to relive you’ve had a change in values?)
“But if there are friends of cosmopolitanism who make me nervous, I am happy to be opposed to cosmopolitanism’s noisiest foes. Both Hitler and Stalin—who agreed about little else, save that murder was the first instrument of politics—launched regular invectives against “rootless cosmopolitans”; and while, for both, anti-cosmopolitanism was often just a euphemism for anti-Semitism,“( I’m not sure if I understand how Hitler and Stalin are an example of cosmopolitanism? It seems to be that they were more of the opposite.)
“Cosmopolitanism is an adventure and an ideal: But you can’t have any respect for human diversity and expect everyone to become cosmopolitan. The obligations of those who wish to exercise their legitimate freedom to associate with their own kind—to keep the rest of the world away as the Amish do in the United States—are only the same as the basic obligations we all have” ( why do so many people get stuck with a fixed mindset when it comes to different issues that don’t naturally involve them?)
“The recent history of America does show that a society can radically change its attitudes —and more importantly, perhaps, its habits—about these issues over a single generation. But it also suggests that some people will stay with the old attitudes, and the whole process will take time.” (people don’t want to change their habits so this can make a change. but I also feel as though many people want to change some of their habits when they think it’s bad for them but we could also think of this for others. )
Quote: “I realized there was always going to be this somewhat serendipitous outside thinking that was going to make a solution more clever, cost-effective. more on the money than anyone else’s”(172).
Comment: Everyone isn’t going to have all the knowledge. Even if they do have a specialized degree there is always going to be someone who is going to know a possible solution or another way to help. Ultimately this is not that bad we can work together and create a social change by communicating with our communities.
Question: Why must humans be specialized in something? why haven’t we always listened to outside thinkers?
For the two majors, I have chosen Applied Exercise Science and Nutrition. I picked these two because I have always wanted to be better to my body. I think being able to take the time and learn what is good and bad for our whole body. When I was looking into an Applied Exercise Science major I was really interested in how many internship opportunities there were, like Fitness Quest, Saco Bay Physical Therapy, and many more. I was also interested in the state-of-the-art facilities that are provided like the Motion Analysis Lab. Nutrition also sparked a lot of interest in me with the travel abroad opportunities as there are many different nutritional changes in other places around the world. Just like the Applied Exercise Science major Nutrition also had amazing internship opportunities at the Maine Medical Center, Saco Sports and Fitness Center, and Southern Maine Health Center.
They both collectively have a lot of science which I love but It can be tiring and a lot to understand, I Don’t like how much is required but it must be done to achieve the goal and all the information. Both of these majors have very interesting careers. Applied Exercise Science had listed Exercise Physiologist, Cardiac Rehabilitation Specialist, and Personal Trainer. There was a wide range of different careers to pick from and relatively interesting too. Nutrition careers I came across as dietitian, nutrition education, and nutritionist. I found that there were very few jobs for nutrition or careers that I find interest in.
I found this survey to be very interesting I found out a lot about myself. I discovered that I’m a diagnostic problem solver; meaning I make connections before reaching conclusions. YouScience survey also said that my interpersonal type is introverted which I would have to agree with, this is something I resonated with and that I’m not always compelled to share in large groups. For my interest, the survey said I might like a job that is social, enterprising, and realistic. I was shocked to see enterprising and having a job you have to be persuasive and competitive. I’m the opposite but I think I would give it a try I’ve been interested in business. some of the careers they suggested that interested me were Physical Therapist, Nutritionist, also Marriage and Family Therapist. Overall I really like how detailed this survey was It gave me a lot of information about myself.
Outline the central tenets of classical criminology theory
The central tenets of classical criminology are rationality, hedonism, punishment, human rights, and due process.
What role does RATIONAL CHOICE play in criminal behavior for classical theorists?
Rational choice is the insist that crime is calculated
Why is the concept of deterrence so crucial to classical theory?
Because of the severity of the classical theory and the consequence that play along with deterrence people will be likely not to commit a crime because of how drastic the results are.
Outline the importance of CERTAINTY, SEVERITY, and SPEED to the deterring effect of punishments.
It’s important we have certain evidence that is sure to prove that they’re guilty and have many pieces of information to really supports them. it’s important to work at the face pace to figure out the correct way of punishment.
How rational is choice?
The choice isn’t as rational as we may think. The option is what we as people may gain interest in. how may we define sensible choice does this mean we have to think about the consequences of the choice? Many things could happen to change you if you do something rational.
Does deterrence work?
I think that deterrence does work for people that have to lose something. deterrence is trying to strike fear in people from committing an act due to harsh punishments that could happen.
Journal Reflection
Have you been deterred from behaving a certain way because of the threat of formal control?
In high school, I had a friend that was really social and wanted to go to a party. she often didn’t listen to her parents, but I was not the same way with my mom. my friend had wanted me to come and my mom didn’t want me to go. I was tempted to go and not tell my mom but I never lied to her. if had gone to the party with my friend I was nervous my mom was going to figure out I was at the party. Not only that if I had lied to my mom I was scared I would then lose the trust I had had with her.
This week for class we had a guest speaker come into class. He was a criminal sketch artist located in California. He had gone over a lot of really interesting things that I’d like to touch on. At the beginning of his presentation, he spoke about memory and eye whiteness memory. He explained how the mind can change over time. This makes it hard for law enforcement to use eyewitnesses. This is why when a crime is committed and there’s an eye witness post-event information is super important to get. Post-event information is asking lead questions, pictures, and suggestions made. This is how can we get reliable information regularly. The human memory is unstable and not always reliable and the criminal justice system relies on one it to convict people. Getting reliable information is important because if it’s not someone could be wrongfully convicted. Our guest speaker brought up The Innocent’s Project a group that is trying to help people who have been seen to be wrongfully convicted and get them out of prison. The only thing is the innocent’s project can only help if their DNA evidence is in the case. This leaves many people stuck in our prison systems. This is why it’s vital that law enforcement and sketch artist don’t use heuristics (shortcuts) when interviewing. It’s a danger to take shortcuts, take time and gather reliable information. He had urged that it was important how you gather information. The biggest thing in sketch art is that eyewitnesses can use references. Which can mess with the reliability of the information, and can pick up on other information. Our minds are working on making connections all the time and that’s why it’s important to think about your role when asking questions and be mindful when you’re trying to retrieve cognitive evidence.
Favorite shows/movies – The rookie, Criminal Minds, law and order, Dateline, unsolved mysteries
What Ideas about crime are portrayed in these popular depictions?
In these shows, crime is depicted as out of control and over-morbid. Some of these shows seem exaggerated. There are usually big depictions of murder and in shows and movies most crimes have been solved; when many cases have not been solved.
How do they inform your perceptions about crime?
They give a big insight that there is crime everywhere and it can affect everyone. It helps me to keep in mind my surrounding. These shows have given off the perception
List 5 facts that seem real from your collective favorites.
Anymore can murder you
The FBI is solving cases every week
Crime is everywhere (what you classify as crime)
Sale of Drugs and its use use
Mental disorders
Part Two
What is a uniform crime report (UCR)?
Data supplied by local enforcement to the FBI (1930)
FBI tabulates these data and issues quarterly and annual reports. Typically summarized and circulated by the media
voluntarily…
The UCR is a program that generated reliable statistics that are collected by law enforcement; it’s given the information to researchers, media, and the general public to use. The police department is not required to do this, but there is 90% compliance.
What are index crimes and non-index crimes?
Criminal homicide, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle.
An index crime is are “illegal act considered to be particularly serious.” examples of these are criminal homicide; forcible rape; robbery. While on the other hand non-index crimes are also known as violations.
Status offenses, vandalism, drunkenness.
Non-index crimes are only recorded if there is an arrest
What crimes are excluded from index offenses?
Kidnapping, embezzlement, corporate crime, political crime, computer fraud, and many other white-collar offenses.
What is the ‘dark figure’ of crime?
A crime that has been unreported or recorded. This is the ‘dark figure’ of crime. This could be many reasons emberssment.
What do SRD and NCVS stand for, and how do these approaches address the ‘dark figure’?
Self-report studies – primarily done on juvenile delinquency
The national crime victimization serves
Ask directly about criminal behavior
What examples of major trends are observed in the UCR, SRD, and NCVS data
Three measures suggest different things about the crime problem
According to the UCR, crime increased from 1960 to 1990 and had been declining since 1991.
Well, that’s a good question. In my own words when I think of criminology I hear the study of criminals and the science behind their behaviors. Many people didn’t know that criminology is science-based, it is just a social factor. Criminologists use theory and methods when collecting data. The study of criminology is trying to name why crime happens. Why do people commit crimes? This is what criminologists are trying to figure out. I’m not that familiar with a lot yet but I’m excited to learn more about criminology and how I can use theories and apply them to life
